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Content-Type类型:
常见的媒体格式类型如下:以application开头的媒体格式类型:
application/xhtml+xml :XHTML格式
application/xml : XML数据格式
application/atom+xml :Atom XML聚合格式
application/json : JSON数据格式
application/pdf :pdf格式
application/msword : Word文档格式
application/octet-stream : 二进制流数据(如常见的文件下载)
application/x-www-form-urlencoded : 中默认的encType,form表单数据被编码为key/value格式发送到服务器(表单默认的提交数据的格式)
另外一种常见的媒体格式是上传文件之时使用的:multipart/form-data : 需要在表单中进行文件上传时,就需要使用该格式
区别:
application/xml 媒体类型:推荐使用。如果 MIME 用户代理或 Web 用户代理不支持这个媒体类型,会转为 application/octet-stream,当做二进制流来处理。application/xml 实体默认用 UTF-8 字符集。Content-type: application/xml; charset=“utf-8” 或 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> 都可以生效。
text/xml 媒体类型:如果 MIME 用户代理或 Web 用户代理不支持这个媒体类型,会将其视为 text/plain,当做纯文本处理。text/xml 媒体类型限制了 XML 实体中可用的编码类型(例如此时支持 UTF-8 但不支持 UTF-16,因为使用 UTF-16 编码的文本在处理 CR,LF 和 NUL 会导致异常转换)。text/xml 实体在 XML 头指定编码格式无效,必须在 HTTP 头部的 Content-Type: 中指定才会生效(例如 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> 无法设置字符集,Content-Type: text/xml; charset=“utf-8” 则可以)。没有设置字符集时默认使用“us-ascii”字符集。
package com.xiaobu.base.utils;import org.apache.http.HttpStatus;import org.apache.http.NameValuePair;import org.apache.http.client.config.RequestConfig;import org.apache.http.client.entity.UrlEncodedFormEntity;import org.apache.http.client.methods.CloseableHttpResponse;import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpGet;import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpPost;import org.apache.http.entity.ContentType;import org.apache.http.entity.StringEntity;import org.apache.http.impl.client.CloseableHttpClient;import org.apache.http.impl.client.HttpClients;import org.apache.http.message.BasicNameValuePair;import org.apache.http.util.EntityUtils;import java.io.IOException;import java.io.UnsupportedEncodingException;import java.util.ArrayList;import java.util.List;import java.util.Map;/** * Content-type 常用的几种类型 * application/x-www-form-urlencoded :form表单键值对类型 默认类型 * * @author xiaobu * @version JDK1.8.0_171 * @date on 2018/12/10 10:40 * @description V1.0 HttpClient工具类 */public class HttpClientUtils { /** * 获取httppost对象 设置连接超时属性 * setConnectTimeout:设置连接超时时间,单位毫秒。 * setConnectionRequestTimeout:设置从connect Manager获取Connection 超时时间,单位毫秒。这个属性是新加的属性,因为目前版本是可以共享连接池的。 * setSocketTimeout:请求获取数据的超时时间,单位毫秒。 如果访问一个接口,多少时间内无法返回数据,就直接放弃此次调用。 */ public static HttpPost getHttpPost(String url) { // 创建post方式请求对象 HttpPost httpPost = new HttpPost(url); RequestConfig requestConfig = RequestConfig.custom() .setConnectTimeout(5000).setConnectionRequestTimeout(1000) .setSocketTimeout(5000).build(); httpPost.setConfig(requestConfig); return httpPost; } /** * @param url 请求地址, map 数据类型, encoding 编码] * @return java.lang.String * @author xiaobu * @date 2018/12/10 10:46 * @descprition pots请求传输 形式数据形式访问 * @version 1.0 */ public static String sendPostDataByMap(String url, Map map, String encoding) { // 创建httpclient对象 CloseableHttpClient httpClient = HttpClients.createDefault(); // 创建post方式请求对象 HttpPost httpPost = getHttpPost(url); // 装填参数 List nameValuePairs = new ArrayList (); if (map != null) { for (Map.Entry entry : map.entrySet()) { nameValuePairs.add(new BasicNameValuePair(entry.getKey(), entry.getValue())); } } // 设置参数到请求对象中 try { httpPost.setEntity(new UrlEncodedFormEntity(nameValuePairs, encoding)); } catch (UnsupportedEncodingException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } // 设置header信息 // 指定报文头【Content-type】、【User-Agent】 httpPost.setHeader("Content-type", "application/x-www-form-urlencoded"); httpPost.setHeader("User-Agent", "Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 5.0; Windows NT; DigExt)"); CloseableHttpResponse response = getPostResponse(httpClient, httpPost); return getResult(response, encoding); } /** * @param url 请求笛子, json 请求数据类型, encoding编码 * @return java.lang.String * @author xiaobu * @date 2018/12/10 10:45 * @descprition post请求传输json * @version 1.0 * JSON.toJSONString(map) 将map对象转化为json字符串 */ public static String sendPostDataByJson(String url, String json, String encoding) { // 创建httpclient对象 CloseableHttpClient httpClient = HttpClients.createDefault(); // 创建post方式请求对象 HttpPost httpPost = getHttpPost(url); // 设置参数到请求对象中 StringEntity stringEntity = new StringEntity(json, ContentType.APPLICATION_JSON); stringEntity.setContentEncoding(encoding); httpPost.setEntity(stringEntity); CloseableHttpResponse response = getPostResponse(httpClient, httpPost); return getResult(response, encoding); } public static String sendPostDataByXml(String url, String xml, String encoding) { // 创建httpclient对象 CloseableHttpClient httpClient = HttpClients.createDefault(); // 创建post方式请求对象 HttpPost httpPost = getHttpPost(url); httpPost.addHeader("Content-Type", "text/xml;charset=UTF-8"); // 设置参数到请求对象中 text/xml和application/xml的区别 StringEntity stringEntity = new StringEntity(xml, encoding); stringEntity.setContentEncoding(encoding); httpPost.setEntity(stringEntity); CloseableHttpResponse response = getPostResponse(httpClient, httpPost); return getResult(response, encoding); } /** * @param url 访问地址, encoding 编码] * @return java.lang.String * @author xiaobu * @date 2018/12/10 11:17 * @descprition get方式请求 * setConnectTimeout:设置连接超时时间,单位毫秒。 * setConnectionRequestTimeout:设置从connect Manager获取Connection 超时时间,单位毫秒。这个属性是新加的属性,因为目前版本是可以共享连接池的。 * setSocketTimeout:请求获取数据的超时时间,单位毫秒。 如果访问一个接口,多少时间内无法返回数据,就直接放弃此次调用。 * @version 1.0 */ public static String sendGetData(String url, String encoding) { // 创建httpclient对象 CloseableHttpClient httpClient = HttpClients.createDefault(); // 创建get方式请求对象 HttpGet httpGet = new HttpGet(url); RequestConfig requestConfig = RequestConfig.custom() .setConnectTimeout(5000).setConnectionRequestTimeout(1000) .setSocketTimeout(5000).build(); httpGet.setConfig(requestConfig); // Content-type设置为application/x-www-form-urlencoded 或者不设置也是可以的(默认为application/x-www-form-urlencoded) httpGet.addHeader("Content-type", "application/json"); // 通过请求对象获取响应对象 CloseableHttpResponse response = getGetResponse(httpClient, httpGet); return getResult(response, encoding); } /** * @param httpClient , httpPost * @return org.apache.http.client.methods.CloseableHttpResponse * @author xiaobu * @date 2018/12/10 11:18 * @descprition 获取response对象 * @version 1.0 */ public static CloseableHttpResponse getPostResponse(CloseableHttpClient httpClient, HttpPost httpPost) { CloseableHttpResponse response = null; try { response = httpClient.execute(httpPost); } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } return response; } /** * @param httpClient , httpGET * @return org.apache.http.client.methods.CloseableHttpResponse * @author xiaobu * @date 2018/12/10 11:18 * @descprition 获取response对象 * @version 1.0 */ public static CloseableHttpResponse getGetResponse(CloseableHttpClient httpClient, HttpGet httpGet) { CloseableHttpResponse response = null; try { response = httpClient.execute(httpGet); } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } return response; } /** * @param response, encoding] * @return java.lang.String * @author xiaobu * @date 2018/12/10 11:18 * @descprition 获取结果 * @version 1.0 */ public static String getResult(CloseableHttpResponse response, String encoding) { String result = ""; if (response.getStatusLine().getStatusCode() == HttpStatus.SC_OK) { try { result = EntityUtils.toString(response.getEntity(), encoding); } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } // 释放链接 try { response.close(); } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } return result; }}
服务端代码:
/** * 功能描述: Post方式获取数据 * @author xiaobu * @date 2019/8/23 12:36 * @param data 用于获取application/x-www-form-urlencoded 下的参数名称data的数据 , request 通过流来获取body的数据 * @return java.lang.String * @version 1.0 */ @PostMapping("revQrCodeRelationData") public String revQrCodeRelationData(String data, HttpServletRequest request) { try { InputStream inputStream = request.getInputStream(); BufferedReader bufferedReader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(inputStream, StandardCharsets.UTF_8)); String line = null; StringBuilder stringBuilder = new StringBuilder(); while ((line = bufferedReader.readLine()) != null) { //读取并换行 stringBuilder.append(line + "\n"); } System.out.println("stringBuilder = " + stringBuilder); } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } return null; } /** * 功能描述:Get方式 * @author xiaobu * @date 2019/8/23 12:41 * @param Sign, timeStamp, device, quntity * @return java.lang.String * @version 1.0 */ @GetMapping("sendQRCodeData") public String sendQrCodeData(String Sign,long timeStamp,String device,int quntity){ Mapdata = new HashMap<>(); data.put("QRCode1", "http://xxxxxxx1"); data.put("QRCode2", "http://xxxxxxx2"); data.put("QRCode3", "http://xxxxxxx3"); data.put("IndexCode1", "001"); data.put("IndexCode2", "002"); data.put("IndexCode3", "003"); data.put("Quantity", quntity+""); return "success"; }
测试代码:
package com.xiaobu;import com.xiaobu.base.utils.HttpClientUtils;import java.util.HashMap;import java.util.Map;/** * @author xiaobu * @version JDK1.8.0_171 * @date on 2018/12/27 15:55 * @description V1.0 */public class HttpClientDemo { public static void main(String[] args) { String postUrl = "http://localhost:8899/api/revQrCodeRelationData"; //通过K-V来获取 SpringMVC实现了封装 Mapmap = new HashMap<>(); map.put("data", "我是你大爷"); String result = HttpClientUtils.sendPostDataByMap(postUrl, map, "UTF-8"); System.out.println("result = " + result); //通过request.getInputStream()来获取 String json = "我是你二大爷"; String jsonResult=HttpClientUtils.sendPostDataByJson(postUrl, json, "UTF-8"); System.out.println("jsonResult = " + jsonResult); //通过request.getInputStream()来获取 String xml = " \n" + " \n" + " "; String xmlResult=HttpClientUtils.sendPostDataByXml(postUrl, xml, "UTF-8"); System.out.println("xmlResult = " + xmlResult); //get方式 String getUrl = "http://localhost:8899/api/sendQRCodeData?Sign=1&timeStamp=1234567890123&device=1&quntity=1"; String getResult = HttpClientUtils.sendGetData(getUrl, "UTF-8"); System.out.println("getResult = " + getResult); }}examples.getStateName \n" + "\n" + " \n" + " \n" + "\n" + "\n" + " 中国人
参考:
转载地址:http://igrai.baihongyu.com/